By C4 Center
On 12 August, Azalina Othman Said, the Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department responsible for law and institutional reform, said that a list of over 3,000 outdated laws would be compiled for the prime minister’s consideration for further action, potentially leading to a review.
This includes laws from Malaysia’s pre-independence era.
Similarly, the House of Representatives Speaker, Johari Abdul, recently said he is holding meetings with the secretaries general and legal advisers of each ministry to reexamine existing laws that have fallen out of suitability and appropriateness.
While these efforts to review and update Malaysia’s legal framework are commendable, it is questionable whether such a task is even feasible within the existing government infrastructure.
This concern is especially justified when one considers the slew of promised anti-corruption and governance reforms that have not yet materialised, including:
- The separation of the roles of the attorney general and public prosecutor
- The protection of oversight bodies such as the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) and the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (Suhakam)
- The public procurement bill
- The right to information bill
- The ombudsman bill
- The reintroduction of the Parliamentary Service Act and
- Amendments to various laws, including the Official Secrets Act 1972, the Whistleblower Protection Act 2010, and the Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Act 1952
Currently, the legal affairs division (BHEUU) of the Prime Minister’s Department is responsible for the development of the majority of the country’s key legal reforms, alongside various other related functions.
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However, as a mere division, its budget and capacity is limited and does not reflect the actual nature of its responsibility to oversee the reform of laws and institutions.
Considering the sheer scale of reform before the government, the Center to Combat Corruption and Cronyism (C4 Center) asks whether it is time to establish a ministry of law.
According to legal affairs division’s own website, it is administratively responsible for a wide range of agencies such as the Department of Insolvency, the Legal Aid Department, the National Legal Aid Foundation, the office of the chief registrar of the Federal Court, the Judicial and Legal Training Institute, Suhakam and the Asian International Arbitration Centre.
Other responsibilities assigned to the legal affairs division include:
- Lead agency for policy setting and legal administration not under the function of any ministry or department
- Lead agency on domestic human rights issues, including national legal policies, international feedback and reviews
- Administration of the Trustees (Incorporation) Act 1952 and monitoring of all bodies incorporated under it
- Secretariat to Suhakam
- Secretariat to the Federal Territories Pardons Board chaired by the Agong
- Monitoring and coordinating the secretariats of the state pardons boards
In addition to this extensive list of functions, the widely ranging subject matters of bills tabled in Parliament by the minister and deputy Minister leading the legal affairs division over the past two years serves as a further indication of the broad scope of matters which are assigned to the division.
In 2023-2024 alone, this singular body was responsible for developing the Abolition of Mandatory Death Penalty Act 2023 and the Jurisdictional Immunities of Foreign States Act 2023, as well as preparing amendment bills for the Audit Act 1957, the Penal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Evidence Act 1950, the Evidence of Child Witness Act 2007, the Sexual Offences against Children Act 2017, the Arbitration Act 2005 and the Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication Act 2012.
Worryingly, despite the array of laws introduced or amended recently, none directly push forward the loudly touted anti-corruption and good governance reforms promised by the government, especially as outlined in the national anti-corruption plan for 2019-2023 and the national anti-corruption strategy for 2024-2028.
This raises some important questions – are anti-corruption reforms a priority for the government, and if so, is there enough capacity to implement them?
The latter question is of particular concern following the thousands of laws that may now be under review.
Despite its broad ambit, the legal affairs division’s estimated expenditure under the 2024 Budget is only set at RM176m, when the estimated expenditure of other fully-fledged ministries run into billions of ringgit.
It is possible, then, that an increased budget through the establishment of a ministry of law may help in overcoming the administrative and technical hurdles associated with implementing a comprehensive reform agenda.
Furthermore, the notion of a ministry of law is by no means far-fetched, as almost all of Malaysia’s Asean counterparts have a similar body. Indeed, a Malaysian ministry of law existed until its dissolution in 1995.
Ultimately, the largest concern here is whether Malaysia’s urgent legal and institutional reforms – repeatedly acknowledged by the government – are able to be carried out by the legal affairs division in its current form. If so, what is holding back the implementation of law?
The C4 Center acknowledges that the workings of government are multifaceted. After a comprehensive study, the solution for more efficient implementation of anti-corruption reforms may not require the establishment of a fully-fledged ministry.
However, as many have noted, major questions have arisen regarding the “Madani” (civil and compassionate) government’s actual commitment to anti-corruption reforms.
If the political will already exists, then what must be immediately addressed are the structural impediments, if any, to implementing these long-awaited laws.
Thus, C4 Center calls for:
- The government to continue and expand collaboration for the implementation of anti-corruption reforms with a broad range of NGOs. This includes the urgent implementation of “Strategy 3: Voice of the NACS” [national anti-corruption strategy] under which an anti-corruption caucus is to be set up;
- The government to identify and publicise the reasons for delays to anti-corruption reforms and
- Additionally, the government should identify solutions to any structural impediments to reforms, which may include the establishment of a ministry of law
C4 Center
- Tegakkan maruah serta kualiti kehidupan rakyat
- Galakkan pembangunan saksama, lestari serta tangani krisis alam sekitar
- Raikan kerencaman dan keterangkuman
- Selamatkan demokrasi dan angkatkan keluhuran undang-undang
- Lawan rasuah dan kronisme
